What is the pathophysiology of colon cancer?

Colon cancer is believed to arise from two types of precursor polyps via two distinct pathways: conventional adenomas by the conventional adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence and serrated adenomas according to the serrated adenoma-to-carcinoma theory.

What is colon pathology?

When your colon was biopsied, the samples taken were studied under the microscope by a specialized doctor with many years of training called a pathologist. The pathologist sends your doctor a report that gives a diagnosis for each sample taken.

What are the different stages of colon cancer?

In stage IIA, cancer has spread through the muscle layer of the colon wall to the serosa. In stage IIB, cancer has spread through the serosa but has not spread to nearby organs. In stage IIC, cancer has spread through the serosa to nearby organs. Stage II colon cancer is divided into stages IIA, IIB, and IIC.

What is colon cancer and its function?

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). The colon is the final part of the digestive tract. Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age.

What are the complications of colon cancer?

Possible Complications Blockage of the colon, causing bowel obstruction. Cancer returning in the colon. Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues (metastasis) Development of a second primary colorectal cancer.

What is the first stage of colon cancer?

Also known as carcinoma in situ, in this stage abnormal cells are only in the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Stage 1. The cancer has penetrated the lining, or mucosa, of the colon or rectum and may have grown into the muscle layer. It hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.

Where is colon cancer?

Almost all colon cancers start in the lining of the colon and rectum. When doctors talk about colorectal cancer, this is usually what they are talking about. There is no single cause of colon cancer. Nearly all colon cancers begin as noncancerous (benign) polyps, which slowly develop into cancer.

What are some risk factors for colon cancer?

A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps….

• Lack of regular physical activity.
• A diet low in fruit and vegetables.
• A low-fiber and high-fat diet, or a diet high in processed meats.
• Overweight and obesity.
• Alcohol consumption.
• Tobacco use.

What is the pathophysiology of bladder cancer?

The pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium into bladder carcinoma are multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes initiation and progression of the underlying pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. A dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer.

What is the pathophysiology of lung cancer?

Summary. The pathophysiology of lung cancer refers to the physical changes happening in the body that lead to lung cancer. The leading cause of lung cancer is exposure to tobacco smoke. Other possible causes include radon, asbestos, radiation, and air pollution.

What is the difference between biopsy and pathology?

It is an important way to diagnose many different types of cancer. After a biopsy, your health care team completes several steps before the pathologist makes a diagnosis. A pathologist is a doctor who specializes in reading laboratory tests and looking at cells, tissues, and organs to diagnose disease.

How colon cancer is diagnosed?

Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy is the best procedure to check for colorectal polyps and cancer. Colonoscopy is an outpatient procedure in which a physician uses a long, flexible scope (called a colonoscope) to view the rectum and entire colon. During the procedure, polyps can be removed and tested for signs of cancer.

What was your first symptom of colon cancer?

Changes in bowel habits One of the first signs of colon cancer may be a change in your bowel habits. For example, you may begin having constipation, diarrhea or narrow stools. All of these changes can be normal if they are temporary, but you should mention them to your doctor if they don’t go away after a few days.

What is the difference between colorectal cancer and colon cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a term used to describe both colon and rectal cancer. Both cancers affect the large intestine. Cancer cells that develop in the colon are called colon cancer, while cancer cells that grow in the rectum are called rectal cancer.