What does enzyme repression represent?

Repression, in metabolism, a control mechanism in which a protein molecule, called a repressor, prevents the synthesis of an enzyme by binding to—and thereby impeding the action of—the deoxyribonucleic acid that controls the process by which the enzyme is synthesized.

How are inducible enzymes regulated?

The Inducible enzyme is used for the breaking-down of things in the cell. It is also a part of the Operon Model, which illustrates a way for genes to turn “on” and “off”. The Inducer causes the gene to turn on (controlled by the amount of reactant which turns the gene on).

What is enzyme induction in pharmacokinetics?

Enzyme induction refers to an increase in the rate of hepatic metabolism, mediated by increased transcription of mRNA encoding the genes for drug-metabolizing enzymes. This leads to a decrease in the concentrations of drugs metabolized by the same enzyme.

What are inductive enzymes?

The enzymes which are always present in the organism in constant amounts regardless of its metabolic state are called as constitutive enzymes. Such enzymes are called as inducible or inductive enzymes or induced enzymes and this process of their synthesis is called as enzyme induction.

Can an enzyme be used only once?

An enzyme can only bind one reactant at a time. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once.

What is the difference between enzyme induction and enzyme repression?

Enzyme induction refers to the increase in the amount of enzyme protein as a result of some stimulus, whereas enzyme repression refers to a decrease in enzyme after a stimulus. While common in bacterial enzyme regulation, they are observed less often in animal metabolism.

What is the difference between an inducer and a repressor?

Repressor proteins bind to the DNA strand and prevent RNA polymerase from being able to attach to the DNA and synthesize mRNA. Inducers bind to repressors, causing them to change shape and preventing them from binding to DNA. Therefore, they allow transcription, and thus gene expression, to take place.

Which of the following is an example of enzyme inducer?

Examples of enzyme inducers include aminoglutethimide, barbiturates, carbamazepine, glutethimide, griseofulvin, phenytoin, primidone, rifabutin, rifampin, and troglitazone. Some drugs, such as ritonavir, may act as either an enzyme inhibitor or an enzyme inducer, depending on the situation.

What is the difference between enzyme inducer and inhibitor?

The key difference between enzyme inhibitor and enzyme inducer is that enzyme inhibitor decreases the activity of an enzyme by binding with the active site of the enzyme. In contrast, enzyme inducer increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme either by binding to it or by increasing the gene expression.

What’s the difference between enzyme induction and enzyme repression?

Enzyme induction refers to the increase in the amount of enzyme protein as a result of some stimulus, whereas enzyme repression refers to a decrease in enzyme after a stimulus. While common in bacterial enzyme regulation, they are observed less often in animal metabolism.

How does the induction and repression mechanism work?

Enzyme induction and repression. Induction and repression mechanisms tend to cycle back and forth in response to the level of effector, and in response to nutrient concentration, pH , or other conditions for which the particular effector is sensitive.

Which is a self inducer of enzyme induction?

Chlorpromazine is a self-inducer. Enzyme induction can lead to parent drug concentrations being lower at steady state than otherwise expected, or it can lead to concentrations falling as time progresses, with, in this case, metabolite concentrations maintained, increased, or themselves reduced because their further metabolism is enhanced.

How does enzyme induction affect a biotransformation reaction?

Enzyme induction in humans is well documented in the clinical setting (Conney 1967). In general, enzyme induction increases the apparent Vmax for a biotransformation reaction because the total enzyme involved in the reaction increases.